In the current pilot study, our findings suggest specific genera highly correlated with the predicted miRNA functions, which might provide clues for the interaction between host factors and gut microbiota via the microbiota-gut-brain axis

Follow-up studies with larger sample sizes and refined experimental design are essential to dissect the roles between gut microbiota and Sec. 1, Shennong Rd., Yilan City, Yilan County, 260007, Taiwan. Although machine learning (ML) has shown promise across disciplines, out-of-sample generalizability is concerning. This is currently addressed by sharing multi-site data, but such centralization is challenging/infeasible to scale due to various limitations. Federated ML (FL) provides an alternative paradigm for accurate and generalizable ML, by only sharing numerical model updates.

Here we present the largest FL study to-date, involving data from 71 sites across 6 continents, to generate an automatic tumor boundary detector for the rare disease of glioblastoma, reporting the largest such dataset in the literature (n = 6, 314). We demonstrate a 33% delineation improvement for the surgically targetable tumor, and 23% for the complete tumor extent, over a publicly trained model. We anticipate our study to: 1) enable more healthcare studies informed by large diverse data, ensuring meaningful results for rare diseases and underrepresented populations, 2) facilitate further analyses for glioblastoma by releasing our consensus model, and 3) demonstrate the FL effectiveness at such scale and task-complexity as a paradigm shift for multi-site collaborations, alleviating the need for data-sharing. Imaging Biomarkers, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Foley, A. Gruzdev, D. Karkada, P. Shah, J.

Martin) would like to disclose the following (potential) competing interests as Intel employees. Intel may develop proprietary software that is related in reputation to the OpenFL open source project highlighted in this work. In  benefits of vitamin d3 , the work demonstrates feasibility of federated learning for brain tumor boundary detection models. Intel may benefit by selling products to support an increase in demand for this use-case.  use of vitamin d3  remaining authors declare no competing interests. Yakhtangay Hill of the Hindu-Himalayan range, North Western Pakistan. Vegetation structures and dynamics are the result of interactions between abiotic and biotic factors in an ecosystem.

The present study was designed to investigate vegetation structure and species diversity along various environmental variables in the Yakhtangay Hills of the Hindu-Himalayan Mountain Pakistan, by using multivariate statistical analysis. Quadrat quantitative method was used for the sampling of vegetation. PC-ORD version 5 software was used to classify the vegetation into different plants communities using cluster analysis. The results of regression analysis among various edaphic variables shows that soil organic matter, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, CaCO(3) and moisture contents shows a significant positive correlation with species abundance, while the soil pH has inverse relationship with plant species abundance. Similarly, species richness increases with increase in soil organic matter, CaCO(3) and moisture contents, while decrease with increase in soil pH, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity (p < 05). The vegetation was classified into four major plant communities and their respective indicators were identified using indicator species analysis. Indicator species analysis reflects the indicators of the study area are mostly the indicators to the Himalayan or moist temperate ecosystem.

These indicators could be considered for micro-habitat conservation and respective ecosystem management plans not only in the study area but also in other region with similar sort of environmental conditions. Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah International travel contributes to the global spread of antimicrobial resistance. Travelers' diarrhea exacerbates the risk of acquiring multidrug-resistant organisms and can lead to persistent gastrointestinal disturbance post-travel. However, little is known about the impact of diarrhea on travelers' gut microbiomes, and the dynamics of these changes throughout travel. Here, we assembled a cohort of 159 international students visiting the Andean city of Cusco, Peru and applied next-generation sequencing techniques to 718 changed significantly throughout travel, but taxonomic diversity remained stable. However, diarrhea disrupted this stability and resulted in an increased abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes that can remain high for weeks. We also identified taxa differentially abundant between diarrheal and non-diarrheal samples, which were used to develop a classification model that distinguishes between these disease states.

Additionally, we sequenced the genomes of 212 diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolates and found those from travelers who experienced diarrhea encoded more antimicrobial resistance genes than those who did not.